Gastritis

Overview

Gastritis is an inflammation and injury of the stomach lining. It is a painful condition and also called dyspepsia. It can occur suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic). Acute gastritis is more common and lasts for a short duration.

Causes of Gastritis

Gastritis can be caused by:

• Helicobacter pylori: A bacteria that lives in the mucous lining of the stomach. Without treatment, the infection can lead to ulcers and, rarely, stomach cancer.
• Medications: Medications like aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen
• Pernicious anemia: A form of anemia that occurs when the stomach lacks a naturally occurring substance that is needed to properly absorb and digest vitamin B12
• Excessive alcohol use
• Bile reflux: A backflow of bile (a liquid that is secreted by the liver and helps with digestion) into the stomach
• Infections caused by bacteria and viruses
• Autoimmune disorders

Symptoms of Gastritis

These can vary but the most common symptoms include:

• Upper abdominal pain (burning, aching, gnawing or soreness)
• Nausea
• Abdominal bloating and fullness
• Vomiting
• Indigestion
• Frequent belching

Diagnosis

Based on medical history and physical exam, the following tests can be done to diagnose gastritis

• Upper GI Series. Abdominal X-ray with contrast to evaluate the stomach
• Endoscopy. Procedure using a thin fiber optic tube with a camera to look at the stomach lining and take a biopsy if needed.
• Blood test. To check for Helicobacter pylori or anemia
• Stool test. To check for Helicobacter pylori or blood in your stool

Treatment

• Antacids, H-2-receptor blockers, and Proton pump inhibitors: Treatment for gastritis usually involves taking antacids and other drugs like H-2-receptor blockers and dose proton pump inhibitors to reduce stomach acid. These medications will help relieve symptoms and promote healing.
• Avoiding (NSAIDs)
• Antibiotics. For gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori, antibiotics are used.